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乳酸与运动:是敌是友? Lactate and Exercise: Friend or Foe?

曹维,邱俊强;中国体育科技 2023年(第59卷)第5期

摘 要:乳酸是葡萄糖或糖原经过糖酵解无氧代谢过程的最终产物。长期以来,乳酸被广 泛认为是导致运动能力下降和运动疲劳的代谢废物。然而,近年研究发现,乳酸在机体中 具有重要作用:1)乳酸作为能量底物和糖异生前体,不是导致代谢性酸中毒的原因,反而起 到缓冲作用;2)乳酸穿梭作用于靶向部位,发挥细胞间信号传导的信使作用;3)乳酸既是脑 的重要能源物质,又可以介导运动改善认知和记忆的过程。 关键词:乳酸;代谢性酸中毒;乳酸穿梭;信号分子;脑功能 Abstract: Lactate is the final product of glucose or glycogen after glycolysis and anaerobic me‐ tabolism. Lactate has long been widely regarded as a metabolic waste that leads to decreased ex‐ ercise capacity and exercise fatigue. However, in recent years, studies have found that lactate  plays an important role in the organism: 1) As an energy substrate and gluconeogenic precursor, lactate is not the cause of metabolic acidosis, but rather acts as a buffer; 2) lactate shuttles to tar‐ get sites and acts as a messenger for intercellular signal transduction; 3) lactate is both an impor‐ tant energy substance for the brain and mediates exercise to improve cognition and memory. Keywords: lactate; metabolic acidosis; lactate shuttle; signaling molecules; brain function 中图分类号:G804.2 文献标识码:A

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划“主动健康 和老龄化科技应对”重点专项 (2018YFC2000600) 第一作者简介: 曹维(1988-),女,在读博士研究 生,主要研究方向为运动生物化 学, E-mail:caowei0727@bsu.edu.cn。 ∗通信作者简介: 邱俊强(1974-),女,教授,博士, 博士研究生导师,主要研究方向 为运动与健康促进、运动营养、训 练监控, E-mail:qiujunqiang@bsu. edu.cn。 作者单位: 北京体育大学,北京 100084 Beijing Sport University, Beijing  100084, China.



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